The renewal of war: York's flight into exile; the emergence of Warwick 'the Kingmaker'; the capture of Henry VI at Northampton
After a Lancastrian show of force at Ludford Bridge in 1459, the Yorkist leaders fled abroad. They returned in 1460, defeated the royal army, and captured King Henry VI himself.
Real World
Warwick's control of Calais — England's only permanent continental garrison — gave him a secure base from which to regroup and launch the 1460 invasion, making him the period's most strategically powerful nobleman outside the king himself.
Exam Focus
When explaining Warwick's 'emergence', credit specific resources (Calais, wealth, Neville affinity) rather than vague 'ambition' to access higher mark bands.
Essay Framework
Use PEEL to structure every paragraph. Tap each step for guidance and an example.
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