Philip's inheritance and ambitions; ideas and pressures; the Spanish army and navy
When Philip II became king in 1556, he inherited a vast empire spanning Europe and the Americas. He used a powerful army and navy to defend it, but faced enormous financial and religious pressures.
Real World
The Spanish tercios — professional infantry regiments — were the most feared fighting force in Europe, comparable to NATO's rapid-reaction forces today; their reputation alone deterred many potential challengers to Philip's rule.
Exam Focus
When explaining Philip's 'ambitions', link each ambition to a specific policy decision to access higher mark bands.
Essay Framework
Use PEEL to structure every paragraph. Tap each step for guidance and an example.
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