Pressures on USSR: the crisis in Czechoslovakia and the Brezhnev doctrine; relations with China
In 1968, the Soviet Union crushed a reform movement in Czechoslovakia and declared the right to intervene in any communist country. At the same time, the USSR's relationship with China collapsed into open rivalry.
Real World
In March 1969, Soviet and Chinese troops fought a battle over Zhenbao Island on the Ussuri River — a direct military clash between two communist states that shattered the myth of a unified communist bloc and gave Nixon the opening to play each against the other.
Exam Focus
When explaining the Brezhnev Doctrine, name it explicitly and define it — 'limited sovereignty of socialist states' — to access the top mark band.
Essay Framework
Use PEEL to structure every paragraph. Tap each step for guidance and an example.
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