The Articles of Confederation: drafting from 1776; ratification by the thirteen states
The Articles of Confederation were America's first rulebook for national government. The thirteen states took five years to agree and officially adopt them.
Real World
The Articles gave Congress no power to levy taxes — like a company board that can pass resolutions but cannot enforce them — meaning the new government could not pay its war debts or compel states to contribute troops.
Exam Focus
Identify specific weaknesses of the Articles (no taxation, no executive, unanimous amendment rule) rather than describing the document in general terms.
Essay Framework
Use PEEL to structure every paragraph. Tap each step for guidance and an example.
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