Relations with indigenous peoples; protest and conflict; colonial identity; development of nationalist movements
Colonised peoples across the British Empire resisted British rule through protest, conflict, and organised political movements. These movements built a shared sense of identity and pushed Britain toward granting independence.
Real World
The 1919 Amritsar Massacre — when British troops killed up to 400 unarmed protesters — radicalised Indian opinion overnight, swelling Congress membership from thousands to millions and turning moderate petitioners into independence campaigners.
Exam Focus
Structure protest and resistance answers chronologically to show escalation; examiners reward development of argument over a list of examples.
Essay Framework
Use PEEL to structure every paragraph. Tap each step for guidance and an example.
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