Political system and mid-19th century democracy; ruling elites; prime ministers; parties and party realignment to 1867
In the mid-1800s, a tiny wealthy elite controlled British politics. Only a small fraction of men could vote, and two shifting political parties competed for power among themselves.
Real World
Lord Palmerston served as Prime Minister twice (1855–1858, 1859–1865) despite personally opposing parliamentary reform — illustrating how the ruling elite could hold power and block change even as pressure for democracy grew.
Exam Focus
Be precise about dates: the 1832 Reform Act enfranchised roughly one in seven adult men — quoting this fraction directly signals accurate knowledge to examiners.
Essay Framework
Use PEEL to structure every paragraph. Tap each step for guidance and an example.
How well did you know this?