Economic developments: Great Depression and aftermath; problems of British industry and agriculture; debates over protectionism
From the 1870s, Britain's economy slowed sharply as foreign rivals undercut its industries and farming. Politicians fiercely debated whether to abandon free trade and tax imports to protect British jobs.
Real World
Joseph Chamberlain's 1903 Tariff Reform campaign proposed taxing foreign imports to protect British steel and agriculture — but it split the Conservative Party and helped deliver the Liberals a landslide in 1906, showing how protectionism divided rather than united British opinion.
Exam Focus
Define 'protectionism' and 'free trade' precisely at the start of any answer — examiners deduct marks for confusing these opposing economic policies.
Essay Framework
Use PEEL to structure every paragraph. Tap each step for guidance and an example.
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