The Northern states: social, economic and political characteristics
By the mid-1800s, the Northern states had built a society around factories, cities, and paid workers. These features made the North look and think very differently from the South.
Real World
By 1860, New York City alone had over one million people and processed billions of dollars of trade annually — a scale of urban industrial wealth that dwarfed anything in the agricultural South and directly funded the Union war effort after 1861.
Exam Focus
Connect Northern economic characteristics to political attitudes on tariffs and slavery — examiners expect social, economic, and political features to be integrated, not listed separately.
Essay Framework
Use PEEL to structure every paragraph. Tap each step for guidance and an example.
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