Political authority: extent and make-up of German Empire in 1871; 1871 constitution; role of Emperor and Chancellor; political groupings
In 1871, Germany became a unified empire for the first time. A written constitution set out who held power — and real authority sat with the Emperor and his appointed Chancellor, not with elected politicians.
Real World
Under the 1871 constitution, Prussia controlled 17 of the 58 votes in the Bundesrat (upper house), giving it an effective veto over constitutional amendments and ensuring Bismarck, as Prussian Minister-President, could dominate the new empire from the outset.
Exam Focus
Cite specific constitutional articles or vote allocations rather than describing the structure in general terms to demonstrate precise knowledge.
Essay Framework
Use PEEL to structure every paragraph. Tap each step for guidance and an example.
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