Hindenburg, Papen, Schleicher and the 'backstairs intrigue' leading to Hitler's appointment as chancellor
A small group of conservative politicians secretly plotted and pressured President Hindenburg into appointing Hitler as chancellor in January 1933. They believed they could control him once he held power.
Real World
Franz von Papen, having been ousted as chancellor himself, personally lobbied Hindenburg on 29 January 1933, convincing the president that a Hitler-led cabinet stuffed with conservatives was safe — only for Papen to find himself sidelined within months.
Exam Focus
When explaining Hitler's appointment, always credit conservative miscalculation — examiners penalise answers that treat it as inevitable or solely Hitler's achievement.
Essay Framework
Use PEEL to structure every paragraph. Tap each step for guidance and an example.
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