Pressure for change: social campaigns; Public Health reform; pressure for parliamentary reform; Irish Nationalism
Between 1846 and 1885, organised groups pushed the government to reform public health, extend democracy, and address Irish grievances. These pressures came from outside Parliament and forced politicians to act.
Real World
The Chartist movement submitted a petition signed by over 3 million people to Parliament in 1848, demonstrating that organised mass pressure outside Westminster could force politicians to take democratic reform seriously.
Exam Focus
For 'assess the significance' questions, link each pressure group to a specific piece of legislation passed — vague claims about 'pressure leading to reform' lose marks.
Essay Framework
Use PEEL to structure every paragraph. Tap each step for guidance and an example.
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