Social developments: conditions in urban Britain; changes in lives of workers and the poor; unions and working-class movements
Rapid industrialisation packed millions of people into overcrowded, dangerous cities. Workers responded by forming unions and movements to fight for better pay and conditions.
Real World
Friedrich Engels documented working-class life in Manchester's Ancoats district in his 1845 book 'The Condition of the Working Class in England', describing cellars housing entire families beside open sewers — providing contemporary evidence examiners value highly.
Exam Focus
Use specific statistics (cholera death tolls, union membership figures) rather than vague generalisations to demonstrate precise knowledge in extended answers.
Essay Framework
Use PEEL to structure every paragraph. Tap each step for guidance and an example.
How well did you know this?