The Park model of human response to hazards
The Park model is a graph that shows how a community's quality of life changes before, during, and after a hazard event. It tracks the dip caused by the disaster and the gradual recovery that follows.
Real World
After the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami struck Banda Aceh, Indonesia, quality of life dropped sharply into the relief phase; international NGO aid and a reconstruction authority eventually lifted living standards above the pre-disaster normality line within a decade.
Exam Focus
Annotate the Park model's phases by name when drawing it; examiners expect labels for relief, rehabilitation, reconstruction and pre-disaster normality.
Essay Framework
Use PEEL to structure every paragraph. Tap each step for guidance and an example.
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