Sustainability issues: virtual water trade, conservation, recycling, greywater and groundwater management
Countries can manage water more sustainably by trading goods that contain hidden water, reusing wastewater, and carefully protecting underground water reserves. These approaches reduce pressure on freshwater supplies without always building new infrastructure.
Real World
Singapore's NEWater programme treats wastewater to drinking standard using membrane filtration and UV purification; it now supplies up to 40% of national water demand, reducing Singapore's dependence on imports from Malaysia.
Exam Focus
For 'evaluate sustainability' questions, address environmental, economic, and social dimensions — single-strand answers rarely access the top mark band.
Essay Framework
Use PEEL to structure every paragraph. Tap each step for guidance and an example.
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