Physical and human factors in urban forms; spatial patterns of land use, economic inequality, social segregation and cultural diversity
Cities develop distinct zones — such as wealthy suburbs or industrial areas — because physical features and human decisions shape where different activities and groups locate. These patterns produce visible inequalities across urban space.
Real World
In London, the historic East End flood plain made land cheap, attracting industry and low-income housing, while wealthier residents settled on higher ground in Hampstead — a pattern still visible in property prices today.
Exam Focus
For 'explain' questions on spatial inequality, link physical factors (relief, drainage) to human outcomes (land value, segregation) explicitly.
Essay Framework
Use PEEL to structure every paragraph. Tap each step for guidance and an example.
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