New urban landscapes: town centre mixed developments, cultural and heritage quarters, fortress developments, gentrified areas, edge cities
Modern cities contain several distinct new landscape types. Each one reflects a different way that investment, planning decisions, or social change has reshaped urban space.
Real World
Brindleyplace in Birmingham converted derelict canal-side industry into offices, restaurants, and the Ikon Gallery, creating a cultural quarter that attracts tourism and investment to what was once wasteland.
Exam Focus
Name a specific example for each landscape type; vague references to 'a city' rarely score top band marks in case-study questions.
Essay Framework
Use PEEL to structure every paragraph. Tap each step for guidance and an example.
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