Global distribution of past and present cold environments (polar, alpine, glacial and periglacial) and areas affected by Pleistocene glaciations
Cold environments exist today in polar regions, high mountains, and areas dominated by freeze-thaw processes. During the Pleistocene ice age, ice sheets covered far larger parts of the Earth than they do now.
Real World
The Laurentide Ice Sheet once covered most of Canada and the northern United States — the Great Lakes were carved by its advance and are a direct legacy of Pleistocene glaciation, visible on any modern map.
Exam Focus
When asked to 'describe distribution', quote specific latitudes and named regions; avoid vague terms like 'near the poles'.
Essay Framework
Use PEEL to structure every paragraph. Tap each step for guidance and an example.
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