Application of systems concepts to ecosystems: inputs, outputs, stores and transfers of energy and materials
An ecosystem works like a system. Energy and materials enter it, move between living and non-living parts, get stored, and eventually leave.
Real World
The Serengeti ecosystem receives solar energy inputs that drive grass production, which transfers to wildebeest, which in turn transfer energy to lions — while decomposers return nutrients to the soil store.
Exam Focus
When asked to 'apply systems concepts', explicitly label each process as input, output, store or transfer using ecosystem-specific terminology.
Essay Framework
Use PEEL to structure every paragraph. Tap each step for guidance and an example.
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