Threats to Antarctica: climate change, fishing and whaling, search for mineral resources, tourism and scientific research
Several human activities and environmental changes now threaten Antarctica. These threats range from rising temperatures to fishing, mining interest, tourism, and research bases.
Real World
In 2022, over 74,000 tourists visited Antarctica — more than double the 2011 figure — with cruise ships risking fuel spills in waters where a clean-up operation is practically impossible given the remoteness and ice conditions.
Exam Focus
Organise threats by category and link each to a specific governance gap; avoid listing threats without explaining why Antarctica is particularly vulnerable to each.
Essay Framework
Use PEEL to structure every paragraph. Tap each step for guidance and an example.
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