Changes in the carbon cycle: natural variation including wildfires and volcanic activity
Natural events like wildfires and volcanoes can suddenly shift large amounts of carbon between stores. These events disrupt the normal balance of the carbon cycle without any human involvement.
Real World
The 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines released approximately 42 Mt of CO₂ into the atmosphere, yet the sulphur dioxide aerosols it ejected cooled global temperatures by 0.5°C for two years by reflecting incoming solar radiation.
Exam Focus
Distinguish between short-term carbon release and longer-term climatic feedbacks — examiners reward answers that address both timescales.
Essay Framework
Use PEEL to structure every paragraph. Tap each step for guidance and an example.
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