Global patterns of production, consumption and trade of energy and ore minerals
Some countries produce far more energy and minerals than they use. Others consume far more than they produce. Trade connects these surpluses and deficits across the world.
Real World
China is the world's largest producer and consumer of coal, yet still imports Australian and Indonesian coal to meet demand. The Democratic Republic of Congo holds over 70% of global cobalt reserves but exports almost all of it raw to Chinese processors for use in electric vehicle batteries.
Exam Focus
Refer to specific regions and commodities in data-response questions; vague answers ('some countries produce more') score poorly.
Essay Framework
Use PEEL to structure every paragraph. Tap each step for guidance and an example.
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