Alternative energy, water and mineral ore futures and their relationship with technological, economic, environmental and political developments
As traditional energy, water, and mineral supplies run low, new alternatives are emerging. Technology, money, environmental limits, and politics all shape which alternatives actually succeed.
Real World
The rapid cost collapse of solar photovoltaic panels — falling over 90% since 2010 largely driven by Chinese manufacturing investment — has made solar electricity cheaper than coal in many countries, demonstrating how technological and economic forces can rapidly shift energy futures.
Exam Focus
Use a framework (technological, economic, environmental, political) to structure your answer — examiners look for evidence you can link all four factors, not just one.
Essay Framework
Use PEEL to structure every paragraph. Tap each step for guidance and an example.
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