Earth structure and internal energy sources
Earth has four distinct layers of rock and metal. Heat generated deep inside those layers provides the energy that moves tectonic plates and drives volcanic and earthquake hazards.
Real World
The Kola Superdeep Borehole in Russia drilled 12 km into the crust — barely scratching the surface — yet temperatures reached 180°C, demonstrating how rapidly geothermal energy increases with depth.
Exam Focus
Name and define all four layers precisely; examiners penalise vague terms like 'middle layer' in 'explain' questions.
Essay Framework
Use PEEL to structure every paragraph. Tap each step for guidance and an example.
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