Short and long-term responses: risk management through preparedness, mitigation, prevention and adaptation
After a volcanic eruption, people respond in different ways to reduce harm. Some actions happen immediately; others involve long-term planning to lower risk in the future.
Real World
After the 2010 Merapi eruption in Indonesia, the government relocated 2,600 families to permanent housing further from the volcano — a long-term adaptation strategy that reduced exposure to future pyroclastic flows.
Exam Focus
Distinguish clearly between the four strategies using named examples; examiners penalise generic responses that conflate mitigation with adaptation.
Essay Framework
Use PEEL to structure every paragraph. Tap each step for guidance and an example.
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