Coastlines of emergence and submergence: raised beaches, marine platforms; rias, fjords, Dalmatian coasts
When sea level falls relative to the land, old beaches and wave-cut platforms are left stranded above the water. When sea level rises, river valleys and glacial valleys flood, creating rias, fjords, and Dalmatian coasts.
Real World
The Dalmatian coast of Croatia, where mountain ridges run parallel to the sea, flooded as post-glacial sea levels rose, turning valley tops into the elongated islands that now make the region a major tourist destination.
Exam Focus
Match each landform to its cause: raised beach = emergence; ria = submergence of river valley; fjord = submergence of glacial trough — the mark scheme expects precise pairings.
Essay Framework
Use PEEL to structure every paragraph. Tap each step for guidance and an example.
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