Short and long-term responses: risk management through preparedness, mitigation, prevention and adaptation
After an earthquake, people and governments respond in different ways. Some actions happen immediately; others take years and aim to reduce future harm.
Real World
Japan's strict seismic building codes, enforced after the 1995 Kobe earthquake killed 6,434 people, require all new structures to withstand a major quake — a mitigation measure that demonstrably reduced casualties in the 2011 Tōhoku event despite its greater magnitude.
Exam Focus
Link each response strategy to a specific country's development level; examiners expect you to explain why HICs and LICs differ in their capacity to respond.
Essay Framework
Use PEEL to structure every paragraph. Tap each step for guidance and an example.
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