The causes of aridity: atmospheric processes relating to pressure, winds, continentality, relief and cold ocean currents
Deserts form because several factors stop rain from reaching an area. These include high-pressure air systems, distance from the sea, mountain barriers, and cold ocean currents offshore.
Real World
The Atacama Desert in Chile is the driest place on Earth partly because the cold Humboldt Current offshore cools and stabilises air, preventing moisture from rising to form clouds, while the Andes block moist air from the Amazon basin.
Exam Focus
For 'assess' questions, evaluate which cause is most significant for a named desert — markers expect a justified judgement, not just a list.
Essay Framework
Use PEEL to structure every paragraph. Tap each step for guidance and an example.
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