Factors in natural population change: demographic transition model, key vital rates, age-sex composition, cultural controls
Natural population change happens when births outnumber deaths, or vice versa. The demographic transition model shows how birth rates and death rates shift as a country develops.
Real World
Niger remains in DTM Stage 2, with a total fertility rate above 7 and a death rate falling due to improving child healthcare — producing rapid natural increase and a very young population pyramid with a broad base.
Exam Focus
Always name the DTM stage and justify it with specific vital-rate data; vague references to 'high birth rate' without figures rarely access top mark bands.
Essay Framework
Use PEEL to structure every paragraph. Tap each step for guidance and an example.
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