Energy supplies in a globalising world: competing national interests and role of TNCs
Countries compete to control energy supplies, and large global companies called TNCs shape who gets energy, from where, and at what price.
Real World
In 2022, Russia's state-owned energy giant Gazprom cut gas supplies through the Nord Stream pipeline to Germany, forcing European governments to scramble for alternative sources and exposing how TNC and state decisions can destabilise entire regional energy markets.
Exam Focus
Distinguish between nation-state interests and TNC profit motives in your answer — examiners reward analysis of both actors separately.
Essay Framework
Use PEEL to structure every paragraph. Tap each step for guidance and an example.
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