Null Hypothesis
A statement proposing that there is no effect, no difference, or no relationship between variables being tested.
Formula
H₀: μ₁ = μ₂ (no difference)
Real World
Before trialling a new wetland buffer strip policy, the Environment Agency stated H₀: 'Buffer strips have no effect on nitrate run-off concentrations in the River Wye' — giving a testable baseline against which field data could be compared.
Exam Focus
Always phrase the null hypothesis as a precise, testable statement of 'no difference/effect' using the specific variables named in the question.
How well did you know this?