Statistical Analysis Methods
Quantitative techniques used to analyse data, test hypotheses, and draw conclusions about population parameters from sample data.
Formula
χ² = Σ[(O − E)² ÷ E]
Real World
Researchers at the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology used Mann-Whitney U tests (non-parametric) to compare invertebrate diversity scores between chalk streams and clay streams, as the data were not normally distributed.
Exam Focus
Justify your choice of statistical test by stating the data type (ordinal/continuous), distribution (normal or not), and whether samples are independent — three criteria examiners look for.
How well did you know this?