Biomass and Biofuels Energy
Energy from burning plant material or processed biofuels (ethanol, biodiesel), currently providing 9% of global primary energy but with contested sustainability.
Formula
Carbon Neutrality Condition: CO₂ released (combustion) ≤ CO₂ absorbed (growth)
Real World
Drax Power Station in Yorkshire converted from coal to wood pellets imported from North American forests, claiming carbon neutrality — but is heavily criticised by scientists who argue the carbon payback period exceeds climate targets.
Exam Focus
Always evaluate biomass sustainability critically — address land use change, carbon payback periods, and food-versus-fuel conflicts to access top mark bands.
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