Biodiversity
The variety of living organisms and ecosystems, typically measured at genetic, species, and ecosystem levels.
Formula
Simpson's Diversity Index: D = 1 − Σ(n/N)²
Real World
The Amazon rainforest contains roughly 10% of all known species on Earth, but illegal logging removed over 10,000 km² in 2022 alone, threatening genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity simultaneously.
Exam Focus
Always address all three levels (genetic, species, ecosystem) when a question asks you to 'discuss' biodiversity.
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