Soil Formation
Slow process converting parent rock into soil through weathering, organic matter accumulation, and horizon development.
Real World
It takes roughly 500 years to form just 2.5 cm of topsoil, yet the American Dust Bowl of the 1930s stripped away decades' worth of soil from the Great Plains in just a few years of poor farming and drought.
Exam Focus
State a rate — '1–2 mm per century' — to demonstrate quantitative understanding and access higher mark bands.
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