Repair
The conversational process of fixing misunderstandings, errors, or unclear utterances. Repair can be self-initiated (speaker corrects themselves) or other-initiated (listener points out the problem).
Real World
During a live BBC Radio 4 broadcast, a presenter stumbled and said 'the prime— the Chancellor' before correcting themselves mid-sentence — a classic self-initiated, self-completed repair showing real-time speech monitoring.
Exam Focus
Distinguish between self-repair and other-initiated repair, and explain what each reveals about the speakers' relationship and conversational control.
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