Politeness theory
A theory explaining how speakers manage impressions and relationships through language choices. Politeness involves protecting self-image (face) and showing respect.
Real World
Boris Johnson's frequent use of self-deprecating humour in speeches was a deliberate positive politeness strategy — appearing likeable and approachable to reduce social distance with voters.
Exam Focus
Always name Brown and Levinson and specify whether positive or negative politeness is being deployed; vague 'being polite' scores poorly.
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