Paralinguistics
Features of speech beyond words themselves: tone of voice, volume, pace, stress, intonation, and vocal qualities (breathiness, harshness). Paralinguistics convey emotion and attitude.
Real World
When Adele performs live, her deliberate pauses, hushed tone, and controlled breath before key lyrical moments create emotional intimacy with tens of thousands — paralinguistic choices that are inseparable from the song's meaning.
Exam Focus
When analysing speech data or scripts, always explain the *effect* of paralinguistic features on the listener, not just identify them.
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