Hypernymy and Hyponymy
Semantic relationships of inclusion: hypernyms are general categories (e.g., 'animal'), hyponyms are specific examples within that category (e.g., 'dog', 'cat'). These relationships structure meaning hierarchically.
Real World
A Tesco advert saying 'every little helps' uses the hypernym 'little' to encompass hyponyms like specific savings, meal deals, and Clubcard points — keeping the message broad enough to cover all products.
Exam Focus
Note whether a text uses hypernyms (to generalise or obscure) or hyponyms (to specify or persuade) — this shows analytical depth.
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