Time manipulation
Creative techniques of altering narrative temporality: reordering events (non-linear narratives), fragmenting time, reversing chronology, creating time loops, or compressing/expanding duration for effect.
Real World
Christopher Nolan's film Memento tells its story in reverse chronological order, placing the audience in the same disoriented state as the amnesiac protagonist — demonstrating how time manipulation can make structure itself embody theme.
Exam Focus
Always explain the effect of time manipulation on the reader, not just identify it — 'this creates suspense because...' is what gains AO2 marks.
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