Cohen's d

Cohen's d = (mean₁ - mean₂) / s_pooled, where s_pooled = √[((n₁-1)s₁² + (n₂-1)s₂²) / (n₁+n₂-2)]. Interpretation: |d| < 0

Effect Size

21.1: Effect Size

Effect size quantifies the strength of an effect or the magnitude of a difference between groups. Common measures includ

Effect Size

21.1: Effect Size

Effect size quantifies the magnitude of an effect without depending on sample size. Cohen's d = (mean₁ - mean₂) / σ stan

Effect Size