Hypothesis Test
A hypothesis test is a formal procedure for evaluating evidence against a null hypothesis H₀ using a test statistic and p-value. The process involves: stating hypotheses, specifying a significance level α, calculating a test statistic, determining a p-value, and making a decision to reject or fail to reject H₀.
Real World
The UK's Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency uses hypothesis tests to decide whether a new drug's side-effect rate exceeds the acceptable threshold before approving it for public use.
Exam Focus
Write 'insufficient evidence to reject H₀' rather than 'accept H₀' — the mark scheme penalises the latter phrasing.
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