Independent Events
Events A and B are independent if P(A ∩ B) = P(A) × P(B), or equivalently, if P(B|A) = P(B) and P(A|B) = P(A).
Real World
When Netflix randomly recommends a film and you independently flip a coin to decide whether to watch it, the coin result has no effect on which film is recommended — these are independent events.
Exam Focus
To prove independence, show P(A ∩ B) = P(A) × P(B) explicitly — stating it without calculation earns no marks.
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