Olds and Milner (1954)
Olds and Milner (1954)
Real World
Olds and Milner's rats chose lever-pressing for electrical brain stimulation over eating when starved — a finding that directly informed our understanding of how addictive drugs hijack the mesolimbic dopamine pathway in humans.
Exam Focus
When evaluating, address generalisation issues: rat brains differ from human brains, limiting ecological validity of conclusions about human addiction.
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