36 terms in Paper 3
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A type of warfare in which combatants mobilise all available resources—economic, industrial, and human—to achieve milita
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Warfare dependent on industrial capacity to produce weapons, ammunition, and equipment in vast quantities. It combines t
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Irregular military tactics employed by non-state actors, resistance movements, or weaker forces against conventional arm
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A nation's military capability at sea, which determines its ability to protect trade, project power globally, defend ter
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Warfare capability provided by aircraft and air forces. Air power transformed military strategy by enabling attacks on d
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The domestic sphere of a nation during wartime, encompassing civilian populations, industrial production, food supplies,
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Systematic production and dissemination of selected information, images, and messages designed to shape public opinion,
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Innovations in weapons, communications, transport, and military equipment that alter military tactics, strategy, and out
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The extension of a nation's authority or influence over other territories and peoples, typically justified by ideologica
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The process and practice of establishing political control over foreign territories and populations. Colonialism often i
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An economic principle advocating minimal government restrictions on international commerce. Free trade allows goods to m
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The movement to end slavery through legal prohibition. Abolitionism combined moral arguments about human rights with eco
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The period of direct British rule over India from 1858 until independence in 1947. The British Raj represented one of th
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The period of intensive European colonisation of Africa, roughly 1875-1914, during which African territories were claime
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The forced labour of human beings treated as property, without rights or freedom. The transatlantic slave trade forcibly
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The period of political, social, and economic reorganisation of the American South following the Civil War (1865-1877).
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State and local laws in the American South and elsewhere that enforced racial segregation, maintaining the legal subordi
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The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, founded in 1909 as the primary African American civil ri
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The broad social and political movement from approximately 1950-1968 that challenged racial discrimination and segregati
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The legal and social process of ending racial segregation in schools, transport, and public accommodations. Desegregatio
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A movement emphasising African American self-determination, cultural pride, and militant resistance to racism. Black Pow
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The democratic republic established in Germany after World War I (1919-1933), named after the city where its constitutio
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The process by which the Nazi Party under Adolf Hitler moved from marginal extremism to control of the German government
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A system of authoritarian government that seeks to control all aspects of public and private life through a single polit
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The process of dismantling Nazi institutions, removing Nazi officials from power, prosecuting Nazi leaders for crimes, a
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The barrier erected by East Germany in 1961 that divided Berlin into communist and capitalist zones. The Wall prevented
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The communist revolution led by Lenin and the Bolshevik party in Russia in October 1917, which overthrew the Tsarist emp
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The totalitarian form of communism developed by Stalin, combining rapid industrialisation, collective agriculture, centr
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The process of consolidating individual farms into collectively-owned and state-managed agricultural units. Stalin's col
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The economic and social transformation from agrarian societies based on farming to industrial societies based on manufac
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A Soviet policy under Mikhail Gorbachev meaning 'openness,' involving increased freedom of speech, press freedom, and pu
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A Soviet policy meaning 'restructuring,' implemented by Mikhail Gorbachev to reform the communist economic and political
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A US geopolitical strategy during the Cold War aimed at preventing Soviet communist expansion without direct superpower
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A French term meaning 'relaxation,' referring to the period of reduced Cold War tensions between the US and Soviet Union
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Organised opposition by colonised or occupied peoples against imperial domination. Resistance movements employed diverse
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The process of ending colonial rule and establishing independent nations. Decolonisation occurred primarily between 1945
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