Resilience
Resilience is the capacity of individuals, communities, societies, and systems to withstand, absorb, and recover from adverse effects of hazards while adapting and learning. It encompasses both resistance (ability to withstand) and recovery (ability to restore).
Real World
After the 2010 Haiti earthquake killed over 200,000 people, neighbouring Chile experienced a stronger magnitude 8.8 earthquake weeks later but suffered only 525 deaths, largely due to enforced building codes and community preparedness — demonstrating higher resilience.
Exam Focus
Contrast resilience with vulnerability using paired case studies — examiners reward comparative analysis over single examples.
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