Cave-Arch-Stack-Stump Sequence
A distinctive sequence of erosional landforms resulting from concentrated wave action on areas of weakness in coastal cliffs, showing progressive enlargement and separation of rock masses.
Real World
Old Harry Rocks in Dorset illustrate the full sequence: Handfast Point retains an active arch, while Old Harry himself is a stack and a nearby stump marks where a previous stack has been eroded to sea level.
Exam Focus
Use a labelled diagram alongside written explanation — mark schemes for 6+ mark questions frequently reward accurate annotated sketches of the sequence.
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