Human Rights
Human rights are universal, inalienable rights and fundamental freedoms that all people possess, including rights to life, liberty, freedom from torture, freedom of expression, education, and adequate living standards. International agreements like the Universal Declaration of Human Rights establish these rights.
Real World
Amnesty International's documentation of Uyghur detention in Xinjiang, China — including reports of forced labour and cultural suppression — illustrates how states can violate UDHR articles on liberty and freedom from torture despite international agreements.
Exam Focus
Distinguish between negative rights (freedom from) and positive rights (entitlement to) in 'explain' questions — examiners credit precise conceptual distinctions.
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