Glacial Systems
A glacial system is an open system comprising inputs (precipitation as snow), processes (compaction, ice flow, ablation), and outputs (meltwater discharge). Glaciers represent a major store of water and energy in the climate system and respond to temperature and precipitation changes.
Real World
The Rhône Glacier in the Swiss Alps has retreated over 1,400 metres since 1856 and now has a strongly negative mass balance, with locals draping white blankets over the ice each summer to slow melting for tourism.
Exam Focus
Define key terms like ELA, mass balance, and accumulation/ablation zones precisely — marks are awarded for correct technical vocabulary.
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