Coastal Management
Coastal management encompasses approaches to reduce coastal hazards and sustain coastal resources. Strategies include hard engineering (sea walls, groynes), soft engineering (beach nourishment, dune restoration), managed realignment, and protection policies.
Real World
The Environment Agency's Medmerry managed realignment scheme in West Sussex (2013) deliberately breached 7 km of sea wall, creating 183 hectares of new intertidal habitat while reducing flood risk to 348 properties more cost-effectively than rebuilding the ageing defences.
Exam Focus
For 'evaluate' questions on management, always address costs, benefits, and who gains or loses — one-sided answers cap at Level 2.
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