Transnational Corporations
Transnational corporations (TNCs) are companies with offices, operations, and ownership across multiple countries, operating globally to maximize profit and reach markets. TNCs are major drivers of globalization and have significant economic and political influence exceeding that of many countries.
Real World
Apple's iPhone supply chain spans 43 countries — designed in California, with minerals from Congo, components from Taiwan, and assembly in China — illustrating how TNCs organise global production to minimise costs.
Exam Focus
Balance positive and negative impacts of TNCs on host countries; one-sided answers rarely reach Level 3 in extended-response questions.
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